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These interactions are mediated importantly by factors that heart regulate expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules. There is recent evidence that heart the n-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid reduces endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 in response to exposure to IL-1, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor, or bacterial endotoxin.23 In contrast, saturated fatty acids had no inhibitory effects. In addition, there was a progressive increase in heart inhibitory activity with fatty acids of the same chain length but increasing in degree of unsaturation. Thus, n-3 fatty acids seem to have the greatest inhibitory effect, with n-6 fatty acids being intermediate, followed by monounsaturated fatty acids. The emerging evidence suggests that with increasing fatty acid unsaturation, there is an accompanying increase in inhibition of endothelial activation.
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