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The inflammatory mediators milk thistle include cytokines and growth factors (peptide milk thistle mediators) as well as the eicosanoids, which are the products of AA metabolism, which are important mediators in the underlying inflammatory mechanisms of asthma (Fig. 1, Table 2). Leukotrienes and prostaglandins appear to have the greatest relevance to the pathogenesis of asthma. The leukotrienes are potent inducers of bronchospasm, airway edema, mucus secretion and inflammatory cell migration, all of which are important to the asthmatic symptomatology. milk thistle Broughton et al. [35] studied the effect of omega-3 fatty acids at a ratio of omega-6:omega-3 of 10:1 to 5:1 in an asthmatic population in ameliorating methacholine-induced respiratory distress. With low omega-3 ingestion, methacholine-induced respiratory distress increased. With high omega-3 fatty acid ingestion, alterations in urinary 5-series leukotriene excretion predicted treatment efficacy and a dose change in >40% of the test subjects (responders) whereas the non-responders had a further loss in respiratory capacity.
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