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20 How trans fats closely such measures truly reflect long-term food intake have yet to be adequately determined. Data on individual fatty acids suggest an association trans fats between risk of CVD and 16:1 trans, which comes to a great extent from animal sources, and not 18:1 trans, which comes to a great extent from hydrogenated fat.22 23 These data are opposite to the relationship between source of trans fatty acids and disease risk suggested by the food-frequency questionnaire data, making it difficult to draw conclusions at this time. Approaching the trans fats area of trans fatty acid intake and CVD risk on the basis of epidemiological data is also difficult because of the potential for other dietary variables to confound the data. Although attempts are made to control for covariants, given the limitations in the information available and the very nature of dietary data, even the best attempts are somewhat limited. Summary and Recommendations for Future Research Needs Dietary trans fatty acids are derived from meat and dairy products and to a greater extent from products made from hydrogenated fat.
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