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In addition, chronically elevated levels of stress-related hormones (catecholamines and glucocorticoids) are known to inhibit the activity of D6D, the enzyme needed for metabolism of EFAs. Several early studies on rats diabetes found that dietary omega-6 diabetes and omega-3 fatty acids reduced the cardiovascular reaction to stress (Mills et al., 1985, 1986). Hence it is not surprising that both GLA and DHA have been found to reduce blood pressure and heart rate responses to psychosocial stress in humans. Mills extended his findings to humans in a four-week study on 30 diabetes male university students (1989). Three different treatment groups were given either borage oil (1.3g/d), fish oil (1.6 g/d) or olive oil (as placebo). Borage oil significantly reduced stress-induced systolic blood pressure and heart rate after four weeks of supplementation, whereas olive oil and fish oil were without effect. Task performance was also significantly improved in the borage oil group, while un-changed by olive oil and fish oil, in a test that required a high level of attention and was designed to measure the cardiovscular response to psychological stress.
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