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Eicosanoid Abbreviations Series-2 Eicosanoids (from Arachidonic Acid) Series-3 Eicosanoids (from EPA) Cyclooxygenases (COXs) can be divided into COX-1 (present at constant levels in most cells & tissues) and COX-2 (normally absent from most cells, but rapidly rising to high levels in response to growth factors, cytokines, hypoxia, toxins and other stimuli). COX-1 is regarded as omega 9fatty acid a "housekeeping" enzyme responsible for such functions as maintaining gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and regulation of kidney blood flow. COX-2 expression in omega 9fatty acid response to inflammation & mitogens may lead to cancer. COX-2 enhances the formation of prostaglandins that mediate pain & inflammation. The attempts to create drugs that specifically inhibit COX-2 without inhibiting COX-1 (which can result in gastrointestinal bleeding) is based on this simplification [BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY 65:153-159 (2003)].
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