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The long chain may be saturated or unsaturated. Differences between the 70 FA are primarily in the length of the hydrocarbon chain, and the number & position of double bonds. Where double bonds are present they are nearly always of the cis whole health configuration. Nomenclature: FA have trivial names and whole health systematic names and both are in use. The systematic name is derived from the name of its parent hydrocarbon by adding whole health "oic" at the end, e.g. C18 octadecane is parent so octadecanoic acid is the FA. The carbon atoms of a FA are numbered starting at the carbonyl end and C2 and C3 are called alpha and beta respectively. The presence of a double bond in the FA is represented by a triangle followed by a superscript number to indicate the position of the double bond. At physiological pH all FA are ionised i.e. CO2- rather than the acid CO2H so it is correct to describe the FA in the salt form such as palmitate rather than the acid form e.g. palmitic acid (shown opposite).
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