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The researchers hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids may reduce membrane excitability caused by exposure to excitatory amino acids cancer such as glutamate. (For more on glutamate, click here.) To test the role of omega-3 fatty acids in regulating membrane excitability, the researchers first exposed the cancer cells to glutamate. The frequency of nerve impulses significantly increased after exposure to glutamate. cancer Treatment with the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), decreased the frequency of nerve impulses. The frequency returned to pretreatment levels after EPA was washed out of the cells. In addition, EPA was found to raise the threshold of nerve impulses in the nerve cells. The raised threshold meant that cells had to be subjected to more glutamate molecules before they became excited and transmitted nerve impulses. The need for more glutamate molecules before excitation occurs also meant that cells treated with EPA become less sensitive to the potential toxic effects of glutamate.
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