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LA and ALA compete for diets general the same elongase and desaturase enzymes in the synthesis of longer polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as AA and EPA. Although ALA is the preferred substrate of the delta-6 desaturase enzyme, the excess of dietary diets general LA compared to ALA results in greater net formation of AA (20:4n-6) than EPA (20:5n-3).6 The capacity for conversion of ALA to DHA is higher in women than men. Studies of ALA metabolism indicate that approximately 8% of dietary ALA is converted to EPA and 0-4% is converted to DHA in healthy young men.7 In healthy young women, diets general approximately 21% of dietary ALA is converted to EPA and 9% is converted to DHA.8 The better conversion efficiency of young women compared to men appears to be related to the effects of estrogen.6, 9 Although ALA is considered the essential omega-3 fatty acid because it cannot be synthesized by humans, evidence that human conversion of EPA and, particularly, DHA is relatively inefficient suggests that EPA and DHA may also be essential under some conditions.10,
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