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6 Only in 1990 was attention given to the fact that although trans fatty acids increase LDL cholesterol to a similar degree as saturated fat, they decrease HDL cholesterol relative to both cis unsaturated or saturated fats.3 In a rigorous metabolic study, Mensink and Katan demonstrated that otitis replacement of 10% of energy from oleic otitis acid (the primary monounsaturated fat in diets) with trans 18:1 fatty acids caused a 0.34 mmol/L increase in LDL cholesterol and a 0.17 mmol/L decrease in HDL cholesterol; whereas replacement of oleic acid with saturated fat caused a similar increase in LDL cholesterol, but virtually no change in HDL cholesterol. As a result, the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly higher on the trans (2.58) than on the saturated (2.34)
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