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anxiety and panic, 1984, arachidonic acid, cataracts, muscle, omega 3, polyunsaturated fats, lauric acid, monounsaturated fats, acetyl coenzyme a, fatty acid uptake, adrenal, gingko biloba, arthritis, meal, bobby plump , selenium, cholesterol, sugar, unsaturation, essential fatty acids in human, acetic acid, food allergies, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids , | In addition to increasing the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio, trans fatty dress fatty acids increase Lp(a) when substituted for saturated dress fatty fat. A significant increase was reported in nine3, 8, 10, 12-15, 17 of ten trials. The null result was from dress fatty an investigation that included only 14 subjects who consumed a diet with 3.7% energy from trans fat; the power of this study may have been to low to demonstrate an effect.11 High blood levels of Lp(a) have been associated in some studies with increased risk of CHD, independently of LDL or HDL cholesterol concentrations. However diet-induced variations in blood concentrations of Lp(a) are modest relative to the genetic differences, and their quantitative impact on risk of CHD remains to be established. Yet another effect of trans fatty acids on blood lipids is that on fasting triglyceride levels. |
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In addition to the studies summarized above, other dietary trials have compared the effects of butter and margarine on blood lipids. Because margarines are usually higher in cis polyunsaturated fat than butter, the specific effects of trans fat cannot be accurately estimated from fatty acid uptake these trials. A meta-analysis of these investigations, however, showed that replacement of butter with hard stick margarines fatty acid uptake -- that typically have contained 20-25% trans fat -- does not affect the total/HDL cholesterol ratio, whereas a fatty acid uptake reduction was obtained with low-trans tub margarine.16 These results confirm the deleterious effects of trans fat on blood lipids and indicate that these may offset the beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fat. Thus individuals who are replacing butter with margarine high in trans fat to reduce their risks of coronary disease may obtain no benefit or -- if trans fat has deleterious effects beyond those on LDL and HDL -- may even increase their risk. |
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